How Things Work

What is Energy?

• Energy makes things move, shine, produce sound, heat, or cool down.
• The Sun is the primary source of light and heat on Earth.
• Everyday actions like cooking, moving, or lighting involve energy use.
• Fun activities (balloon rocket, rubber band guitar, sun-water warmer) show how energy works.

Sources of Energy (Food & Living Beings)

• Food gives energy to humans and animals for movement, growth, and survival.
• Without food, we feel weak and tired; with food, we feel active.
• Even the brain needs energy while resting or thinking.
• Animals too get energy from food to run, fly, swim, and hunt.

Energy from Fuels

• Vehicles run on petrol and diesel, while homes use LPG, wood, or coal.
• Fuels produce heat and movement energy, but burning wood/coal causes smoke and pollution.
• A diya burns longer with oil — here, oil is the fuel.
• Using fuels carefully helps save health and the environment.

Electricity

• Electricity powers fans, lights, TVs, refrigerators, and machines.
• It can produce light, sound, heat, movement, or cooling.
• Safety rules: never touch wires, sockets, or broken poles.
• Energy efficiency (e.g., LED bulbs) saves resources and reduces waste.

Clean Energy: Sun, Wind, and Water

• Natural sources like solar, wind, and hydro energy are pollution-free.
• Activities: pinwheel (wind), magnifying glass (sun), water wheel (hydro) show clean energy in action.
• Ancient ships used wind sails, and villages use watermills (gharaats).
• Solar panels, windmills, and dams generate clean electricity.

Energy All Around Us

• Every action uses energy: child carrying a bag (food), car running (fuel), bulb glowing (electricity).
• Energy is stored too — in our body, batteries, and fuels.
• Games and activities help connect sources, types, and uses of energy (e.g., Sun → Heat → Drying clothes).
• Reflection: saving energy, choosing clean energy, and avoiding waste is everyone’s duty.

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